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Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Boeing Integrated Defense Systems
Penerbangan sulung
YF-22: 29 September 1990 F-22: 7 September 1997
Mula digunakan
15 Disember 2005
Status
Active[1]
Pengguna utama
Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat
Jumlah dibina
141 setakat Mei 2009[2]
Kos program
AS$ 65 bilion[3]
Kos seunit
AS$ 137.5 juta (kos terbang keluar pada 2008)[4]
Kelainan
X-44 MANTA FB-22
Maklumat umum
Pesawat Raptor direka untuk membawa peluru berpandu di dalam ruang dalamnya bagi mengekalkan ciri-ciri halimunannya. Peluru berpandunya dilancarkan dengan menggunakan lengan hidraulik setelah pintu ruang simpanan bom terbuka dalam tempoh kurang dari satu saat. Ia juga mampu membawa bom sebesar JDAM dan SDB (Bom berdiameter kecil - Small Diameter Bomb) yang dipandu dengan Sistem Kedudukan Sejagat untuk menyerang sistem radar udara musuh.
Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat pada asalnya bercadang memesan 750 F-22, dengan pengeluaran pertama bermula pada 1994. Selepas Penilaian Pesawat Utama pada 1990, pengeluaran telah dimulakan pada 1996 bagi menghasilkan sejumlah 648 pesawat pejuang. Pada tahun 1994 sejumlah 442 pesawat bersedia untuk masuk berkhidmat pada 2003/2004. Laporan Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1997 menyatakan bahawa jumlah akhir adalah sebanyak 339 buah pesawat. Pada masa ini terdapat perdebatan mengenai jumlah unit yang mampu diperolehi, walaupun pada tahun 2003 Tentera Udara A.S berkata ia mampu membeli 277 buah pesawat berasaskan had kos sebanyak AS$ 43 bilion.
F/A-22 versi sayap berensel telah dicadangkan untuk Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat bagi menggantikan F-14 Tomcat. Namun begitu, program ini kemudian telah dibatalkan pada 1993.
Loji kuasa: 2× Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbin kipas tujahan vektor, 35,000+ lb (156+ kN) setiap satu
Muatan minyak: 18,000 lb (8,200 kg) dalaman, atau 26,000 lb (11,900 kg) dengan dua tangki luar
Prestasi
Kelajuan maksimum:
Pada altitud: Mach 2.25 (1,500 bsj, 2,410 km/j)
Superkrus: Mach 1.82 (1,220 bsj, 1,963 km/j)
Jarak: 1,600 batu nautika (1,840 batu, 2,960 km) dengan 2 tangki minyak luar
Jejari bertempur: 410 batu nautika(471 batu, 759 km)
Jarak maksimum: 2,000 batu (1,738 batu nautika, 3,219 km)
Lelangit khidmat 65,000 batu (19,812 m)
Beban sayap: 66 lb/kaki² (322 kg/m²)
Tujahan/berat: 1.08 (1.26 dengan 50% minyak)
Beban-gmaksimum: -3.0/+9.0 g
Meriam: 1× 20 mm meriam gatling M61A2 Vulcan pada pangkal sayap sebelah kanan, 480 butir peluru
Udara ke udara:
6× AIM-120 AMRAAM
2× AIM-9 Sidewinder
Udara ke permukaan:
2× AIM-120 AMRAAM dan
2× AIM-9 Sidewinder dan salah satu daripada berikut:
2× 1,000 lb JDAM atau
2× Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser (WCMD) atau
8× 250 lb GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb
Tenggekan: 4× stesen pilon di bawah sayap yang boleh membawa 600 gelen tangki jatuhanSargent Fletcheratau senjata, setiap satunya dengan beban kira-kira 5,000 lb (2,268 kg).
Avionik
RWR (Penerima Amaran Radar): 250 batu nautika (463 km) atau lebih
Radar: 125-150 batu (200-240 km) menentang 1 m2 sasaran (anggaran jarak)
When we envisioned the new iPhone, we landed on a remarkably
thin and light design. But it’s nearly impossible to make a device so
thin and so light without sacrificing features or performance.
We could have taken the easy way out and designed something more
reasonable and less remarkable. But we didn’t. If the technology didn’t
exist, we invented it. If a component wasn’t small enough, we
re-imagined it. If convention was standing in the way, we left it
behind. The result is iPhone 5: the thinnest, lightest, fastest
iPhone ever.
iPhone 5 is just 7.6 millimeters thin. To make that happen,
Apple engineers had to think small, component by component. They created
a nano-SIM card, which is 44 percent smaller than a micro-SIM. They
also developed a unique cellular solution for iPhone 5. The conventional
approach to building LTE into a world phone uses two chips — one for
voice, one for data. On iPhone 5, both are on a single chip. The
intelligent, reversible Lightning connector is 80 percent smaller than
the 30-pin connector. The 8MP iSight camera has even more features —
like panorama and dynamic low-light mode — yet it’s 20 percent smaller.
And the new A6 chip is up to 2x faster than the A5 chip but 22 percent
smaller. Even with so much inside, iPhone 5 is 20 percent lighter and 18
percent thinner than iPhone 4S.
Making a thinner, lighter iPhone meant even the display had to
be thinner. Apple engineers accomplished that by creating the first
Retina display with integrated touch technology. Which means instead of a
separate layer of touch electrodes between display pixels, the pixels
do double duty — acting as touch-sensing electrodes while displaying the
image at the same time. With one less layer between you and what you
see on iPhone 5, you experience more clarity than ever before. All on a
display that’s 30 percent thinner than before.
Never before has this degree of fit and finish been applied to a
phone. Take the glass inlays on the back of iPhone 5, for instance.
During manufacturing, each iPhone 5 aluminum housing is photographed by
two high-powered 29MP cameras. A machine then examines the images and
compares them against 725 unique inlays to find the most precise match
for every single iPhone.
Look at iPhone 5 and you can’t help but notice the exquisite
chamfer surrounding the display. A crystalline diamond cuts this beveled
edge. It’s what gives iPhone 5 its distinctive lines. Fitting for a
phone so brilliant.
It’s not easy to create earbud-style headphones that not only
feel good in your ears, but also sit securely in your ears. That’s
because everyone’s ears are different. Using optical scans combined with
silicone molding, Apple designers created 3D models of various ear
types to find a common shape across many different people. That shape
led to the unique look of the new Apple EarPods. Unlike traditional
circular earbuds, their design is defined by the geometry of the ear.
Which makes them more comfortable for more people than any other
earbud-style headphones.
They’re more stable and durable, too. Apple engineers asked more
than 600 people to test over 100 iterations of the Apple EarPods.
Testers ran on treadmills in extreme heat and extreme cold. They
performed various cardio workouts. They were even asked to shake their
heads side to side, up and down. The result: Apple EarPods provide
stronger protection from sweat and water, and they’re remarkably stable
in the ear. Which means they stay in, even when you’re on the go.
At the same time Apple designers were trying to define an ideal
earbud shape, Apple sound engineers — acousticians — were focused on
improving sound quality. First, they established a target sound for the
Apple EarPods. That target: a person sitting in a room listening to
high-quality speakers.
The biggest determinant of what you hear from any speaker is the
movement of its diaphragm. The inward and outward motion is what
creates sound. But earbud speaker diaphragms are typically made from a
single material, which can limit sound output.
So Apple acousticians re-engineered an earbud speaker diaphragm
with both rigid and flexible materials to minimize sound loss and
maximize sound output. Adding to the superior audio quality are
strategically placed acoustic vents. The most notable of these vents is
the one located in the stem of each EarPod. It allows air inside the
stem, which acts as an acoustic chamber, to flow out. So you hear
deeper, richer bass tones. The overall audio quality of Apple EarPods is
so impressive, they rival high-end headphones that cost hundreds of
dollars more.
How a product looks and performs matters, but so does its impact
on the environment. That’s why nearly every Apple product is made from
highly recyclable materials like aluminum, and why we refuse to use
harmful toxins in our components.
Every iPhone starting with iPhone 3GS is free of brominated
flame retardants (BFRs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). That includes our
newest iPhone — iPhone 5. In fact, Apple has one of the strictest
BFR-free and PVC-free standards in the industry. And we expect the same
from our suppliers. We go so far as to disassemble our products into
individual components and materials in our Cupertino lab. Then we test
them using many methods, including X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and
ion chromatography. We do this to ensure that every product we release
meets our environmental standards.
To learn more about Apple’s dedication to reducing the environmental impact of our products and processes, visit the Apple and the Environment website.
The following are the new inventions:-
1. blue ray discs:- in the coming days blue ray DVD are going to become popular bcoz the can store about 10 to 50 gb data .
2. DNA microchips :- DNA microchips will replace the traditional silicon microchips in the coming future and will make the computing faster and reliable.
Some other things include better graphics and speed in computers
3) Double processor capable mother boards
4) Water cooled systems
5) Oil submerged computers
6) Chipsets that link high performance video cards and processors together for improved performance or improved energy reduction
One of the more recent developments in an actual computers component, is the development of the 45nm processor. This is a manufacturing process that allows a processor to be only 45nm thick. The previous size was 90nm and 65nm. This allows the processor to run cooler, and be more efficient.
Actually a smaller processor will not run cooler, as it will be doing more work with less space, and will need much better cooling. i don't know if this applies to computers, but the most recent invention is the blu-ray disk, which holds 25GB of space on each layer, and they are making 2 layered bluray disks now.
Samsung has announced its next generation processor Exynos, which hosted the "third" representative of the range smartphone Galaxy S. Exynos Quad 4 has four core Cortex A9 processor with a clock frequency of up to 1.4 GHz. Computing device is constructed using 32-nanometer process HKMG. Microprocessor Exynos 4 Quad, also known as Exynos 4212 (previously it was the model 4412), has twice as many cores than 4 Exynos Dual (Exynos 4210), found in the smartphone Galaxy S II. Through the use of a new 32-nanometer process processor energy efficiency increased by 20%. Exynos Quad 4 uses the power of all four cores, distributing the load between them. Unfortunately, Samsung does not specify the use of graphics processing unit. High probability that it is 400 Mali-MP. It is reported that the size of Exynos Quad 4 is not larger than 4 Exynos Dual, which allows hardware manufacturers to easily switch to the new chips. Comparative characteristics of the processor will be available after the release of its flagship smart phone Samsung Galaxy S III.
Need for Speed: Underground 2 (NFSU2 or NFSUG2) is a cross-platform racing video game and the eight installment of popular driving game Need For Speed published and developed by Electronic Arts. Released in 2004, it is the direct sequel to Need for Speed: Underground, and is part of the Need for Speed series, available on Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS and Microsoft Windows. It is the second game in the Underground Series.It
was developed by EA Black Box. Like its predecessor, it was also
commercially successful, and sold four million copies worldwide.
The game is based around tuning cars for street races, resuming the Need for Speed: Underground storyline. Need for Speed: Underground 2
provides several new features, such as a broader customization, new
methods of selecting races, the "explore" mode (just driving around
freely, like the Midnight Club series, in a large city known as "Bayview"). Underground 2 also introduces several SUVs, which could be customized as extensively as other Underground 2 vehicles and used to race against other SUV racers.
To learn more about Apple’s dedication to reducing the environmental impact of our products and processes, visit the Apple and the Environment website.
The following are the new inventions:-
One of the more recent developments in an actual computers component, is the development of the 45nm processor. This is a manufacturing process that allows a processor to be only 45nm thick. The previous size was 90nm and 65nm. This allows the processor to run cooler, and be more efficient.
Samsung has announced its next generation processor Exynos, which hosted the "third" representative of the range smartphone Galaxy S. Exynos Quad 4 has four core Cortex A9 processor with a clock frequency of up to 1.4 GHz. Computing device is constructed using 32-nanometer process HKMG. Microprocessor Exynos 4 Quad, also known as Exynos 4212 (previously it was the model 4412), has twice as many cores than 4 Exynos Dual (Exynos 4210), found in the smartphone Galaxy S II. Through the use of a new 32-nanometer process processor energy efficiency increased by 20%. Exynos Quad 4 uses the power of all four cores, distributing the load between them. Unfortunately, Samsung does not specify the use of graphics processing unit. High probability that it is 400 Mali-MP. It is reported that the size of Exynos Quad 4 is not larger than 4 Exynos Dual, which allows hardware manufacturers to easily switch to the new chips. Comparative characteristics of the processor will be available after the release of its flagship smart phone Samsung Galaxy S III.
Need for Speed: Underground 2 (NFSU2 or NFSUG2) is a cross-platform racing video game and the eight installment of popular driving game Need For Speed published and developed by Electronic Arts. Released in 2004, it is the direct sequel to Need for Speed: Underground, and is part of the Need for Speed series, available on Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS and Microsoft Windows. It is the second game in the Underground Series.It
was developed by EA Black Box. Like its predecessor, it was also
commercially successful, and sold four million copies worldwide.
Samsung has announced its next generation processor Exynos, which hosted the "third" representative of the range smartphone Gal...
Dalam menguruskan perniagaan.Kita sering menjadikan seseorang model dalam menjayakan bidang tersebut.Sebagai seorang muslim,nabi Muhamad ...
Peranan Pesawat penguasaan udara halimunan Negara pengeluar Amerika Syarikat Pengeluar Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Boeing Integrated Defe...
The following are the new inventions:- 1. blue ray discs:- in the coming days blue ray DVD are going to become popular bcoz the can store ...
Need for Speed: Underground 2 ( NFSU2 or NFSUG2 ) is a cross-platform racing video game and the eight installment of popular...
